Objective:
To develop the student's ability to execute high performance 360° turns in both directions, using a steep bank angle, while maintaining a constant altitude and airspeed.
Elements:
- Discuss elements related to steep turns (stability and overbanking tendency).
- Select an altitude that will allow the task to be performed no lower than 1,500 feet AGL or the recommended altitude, whichever is higher.
- Perform Clearing Turns.
- Establish Va using appropriate power setting.
- Entry - One full turn of up trim may be required.
- Roll into a coordinated 360° turn; maintain 45° bank, ±5°; and rolls out on the entry heading, ±10°.
- Rollout - Lead heading by one-half the bank (45° ÷ 2 = aprox. 20°).
- Perform the task in the opposite direction.
- Divide attention between airplane control and orientation.
- Maintain the entry altitude, ±100 feet, and airspeed, ±10 knots.
- Retrim if necessary and complete the maneuver with the Cruise Checklist.
Common Errors:
- Failure to look for traffic or clear the area before configuring aircraft.
- Improper pitch, bank, and power coordination during entry and rollout.
- Uncoordinated use of flight controls.
- Over controlling the aircraft.
- Inappropriate control applications.
- Improper technique in correcting altitude deviations.
- Loss of orientation.
- Excessive deviation from desired heading during rollout.
References:
- FAA Private Pilot PTS
- Calculate Va or POH entry speed from Weight and Balance
- ±100' and ±10 kts
- +10/-5 degrees of 45°
- Perform 360 turns in both directions
- Airplane Flying Handbook - Pages: 9-1, 9-2
- FAA-H-8083-3
Notes:
Relationship of bank angle, load factor, and stalling speed.
Differential wing drag
5 C's (Clear, Configure, Complete, Cruise, Check).
Same spot on windshield is same point on horizon, student will dive or climb trying to keep the nose on the horizon as they rotate around the axis.
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