Objective:

To develop the pilot's ability to recognize an approaching stall by sound, sight, and feel; familiarize the pilot with the conditions that produces crossed-control, elevator trim, and secondary stalls; and to develop the habit of taking prompt preventative or corrective action to recover from stalls.

Elements:

1. Aerodynamics of crossed-control, elevator trim, and secondary stalls.
2. Effects of crossed controls in gliding or reduced airspeed descending turns.
3. Hazards of crossed controls in a base leg to final approach turn.
4. Hazards of inadequate control pressures to compensate for thrust, torque, and up-elevator trim during go-arounds and other related maneuvers.
5. Hazards of secondary stalls during normal stall or spin recovery.
6. Entry technique and minimum entry altitude.
7. Recognition of crossed-control, elevator trim, and secondary stalls.
8. Importance of recovering from an elevator trim stall immediately upon recognition.
9. Flight situations where crossed-control, elevator trim, and secondary stalls may occur.
10. Recovery technique and minimum recovery altitude.

Common Errors (Instructor's):

1. Failure to establish selected configuration prior to entry.
2. Failure to establish a crossed-control turn and stall condition that will adequately demonstrate the hazards of a crossed-control stall.
3. Improper demonstration of the recognition of and recovery from a crossed-control stall.
4. Failure to present simulated student instruction that adequately emphasizes the hazards of a crossed-control condition in a gliding or reduced airspeed condition.
5. Failure to establish selected configuration prior to entry.
6. Failure to establish the thrust, torque, and up-elevator trim conditions that will result in a realistic demonstration.
7. Improper demonstration of the recognition of and the recovery from an elevator trim stall.
8. Failure to present simulated student instruction that adequately emphasizes the hazards of poor correction for torque and up-elevator trim during go- arounds and other maneuvers.
9. Failure to establish selected configuration prior to entry.
10. Improper demonstration of the recognition and recovery of secondary stalls.
11. Failure to establish a condition that will cause a secondary stall to occur.
12. Failure to present simulated student instruction that adequately emphasizes the hazards of poor technique in recovering from a primary stall.

References:

• Airplane Flying Handbook, pp 4-9 – 4-12

Notes:

How this relates to traffic pattern accidents.