Objective:

To gain basic understanding of the flight instruments and their operation and cause/effect of failures.

Elements:

1. Pitot-Static
   • Airspeed Indicator
   • Altimeter
   • Vertical Speed Indicator
2. Gyroscopic
   • Attitude Indicator
   • Heading Indicator
   • Turn Coordinator and Ball
3. Magnetic Compass

References:

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, pp 6-1 – 6-17
• Airplane Flying Handbook, pp 16-10 – 16-11

Notes:

Variation Vs. Deviation
Oscillation Vs. Magnetic Dip
Northerly Turning Error - Undershoot North, Overshoot South (UNOS)
Acceleration/Deceleration - Accelerate North, Decelerate South (ANDS)
Lead and Lag in the A.I.
Coordinated flight - step on the ball to center
Calibrated Leak on the VSI